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A study on the Lightfastness of Color Prints
Štěpánková, Eva ; Reháková, Milena (referee) ; Dzik, Petr (advisor)
This paper gives a brief overview on the published and accepted standards and methods for colour photography and print lightfastness measuring and evaluating. A comparison of selected valid standards and evaluation suggestions has been made. Sample sets was produced by various photographic processes and printing techniques. Identical sample sets were used in both long-term and accelerated ageing experiment. In this thesis, the degradation speed is expressed as a formal rate constant, which was calculated from the dependence of normalized gamut volume on the exposure dose. Photographs and prints were compared on calculated lifetime basis. A failure of reciprocity law was observed, which indicates a lower credibility of estimated lifetime predictions based on accelerated ageing.
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Degradation of Inkjet Printouts
Stančík, Jiří ; Kaplanová, Marie (referee) ; Čeppan, Michal (referee) ; Veselý, Michal (advisor)
Inkjet printing technology became a popular technology for printing digital photographs in the last decade. There is a big variety of both original and alternative (cheaper) inks and print media for the consumers. But there is a question if the cheaper material provides also comparable printout quality. For this reason, it is important to test the properties of such inkjet printouts. There are several ways how to test the lightfastness of the printouts: long term storage under environmental conditions, or short, accelerated ageing tests. The stability of printouts is affected by many factors, such as ink-receiving layer, ink composition, UV and visible light intensity and air pollutants concentration in the environment. Some inkjet printouts exposed to light usually undergo surprisingly fast fading, but light is not the only dangerous condition for inkjet printout. The two types of test targets printed with dyebased inkjet inks on various paper types were subjected to both accelerated test in a xenon test chamber and light and environmental pollutants long-term test in a sunny indoor corridor. The values of light intensity were continuously monitored and samples properties were regularly measured with a spectrophotometer. Another type of testing included accelerated ozone ageing of inkjet dyes. The colour gamuts and gamut volumes were calculated from collected spectral data. Total colour difference E*ab was also evaluated, its increase served as a tool for finding the formal printout degradation rate constant. It was found out that the dyes in ink-receiving layers of printouts underwent significant degradation in all tested conditions. The degradation rate depended on the type of used print media. The reciprocity behaviour of printouts was also studied. Recent inkjet printouts testing miss some actual ISO norm which should show the way of effective lightfastness evaluation. One of the main aims of this work was to find some new and alternative ways of inkjet printouts lightfastness evaluation. The method of printed inks concentration determination from the test charts spectrophotometric measurements was also proposed.
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Ozone gas-fading of photographs
Védlová, Petra ; Kozáková, Zdenka (referee) ; Veselý, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with principels of inkjet printing, ink composition and print media. The paper also focuses on stability of inkjet prints, degradation of inks by ambient impacts, mechanisms of such degradations and protection against degradation. The experimental section examines the impact of ozone on gas-fading of injekt prints, which is one of the most important factors by degradation of dyes for both clasic prints and prints with protective varnish. In conclusion two methods for assessing dye degradation – colorimetric (by calculating the volume of the color gamut) and densitometric (by calculating optical densities) – are investigated and compared.
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Lightfastness of digital color prints
Kulhánková, Michaela ; Jančovičová, Viera (referee) ; Dzik, Petr (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the current methods of color fastness evaluation of color digital prints were solved. The theoretical part provides basic information needed to understand the experiment. Samples of inkjet prints were subjected to accelerated and long-term lightfastness test. The long-term test took place in the spaces of the Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, which fulfilled the condition of direct light in a closed room. For one year, samples were exposed and their reflection spectra were measured at monthly intervals. An accelerated lightfastness test was performed in a solar chamber with a xenon lamp. Only some samples were selected for this test because of the small space in the chambre and thw failure of the instrument. At regular intervals were measured again their reflection spectra from which the colorimetric values were calculated. After completion of the testing, the rate parameter was determined from the dependence of the loss of the normalized gamut volume on different doses of irradiation. In the case of long-term testing, it was based on data from the Hydrometeorological Institute, which gave values of direct outdoor solar radiation. In the accelerated test, the irradiation dose of the sample up to 800 nm was determined. Finally, the lightfastness of each sample was examined and compared with each other and the relevance of the accelerated test was assessed.
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Evaluation of pollutant impact on photographic images
Brablc, Tomáš ; Reháková, Milena (referee) ; Veselý, Michal (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the impact of pollutants on colour photography made by inkjet printing technology. There are summarized basic principles of inkjet printing, composition of inks and negative factors influencing the printout quality. The ozone was studied in the experimental part, because it has the stongest degrading effect of all common pollutants. The accelerated ageing test with changing the concentration of ozone and the time of exposure was performed. The test scales were made by using two different inks. The L*a*b* values and optical densities of selected fields were calculated from the reflectance spectra of 918 colour fileds. The colour gamut and its volume were calculated from the L*a*b* values. The changes of colour gamut volume correlated with the changes of optical densities. It emerged that using the colour gamut as the instrument of evaluation of the inkjet printout dyes degradation rate is eligible and it is suitable to recommend this method for the ozone accelerated tests.
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Fastness of Photographs Exposed to Light and Pollutants
Pasečná, Klára ; Havlínová, Bohuslava (referee) ; Veselý, Michal (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with a study of general influences of light and pollutants (mainly ozone) on ink printing. The theoretical part describes the basic principles of printing means, printing materials and some ways of ink print degradation. The experimental part focused on measuring specific coulometric quantities of a test pattern, which was done in the chamber for ozone development and the accelerated weathering device using light and heat (xenotest). An important finding from this study is that the influence of ozone on tested pigment ink is much smaller than the one of UV radiation. The most susceptible to degradation by radiation and ozone was yellow ink.
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Enhancement of print lightfastness by varnishing and lamination
Komárková, Hana ; Reháková, Milena (referee) ; Dzik, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with recent methods of lightfastness evaluation of both classic and digitally printed photographs. It summarizes the experimental methods used for colour change measurements. Primarily, it studies an influence of additional protection on lightfastness enhancement. Lightfastness testing of colour prints was carried out by accelerated ageing. Samples were prepared by 3 types of inkjet printers and 3 different print media. The surface of photographs was left untreated or modified by varnishing or lamination. A set of samples, thus achieved, was used to monitor a print behaviour during the light exposure. In conclusion effects of used receiving layer, ink or additional surface treatment were discussed. Colour changes were evaluated on the basis of measured reflectance spectra from which colorimetric quantities were calculated. Results were processed using VolGa application. An actual print-life was calculated from the plot of the normalized gamut volume loss and the exposure.
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Study of Inkjet Inks Degradative Processes
Samcová, Kateřina ; Čeppan, Michal (referee) ; Veselý, Michal (advisor)
This diploma thesis follows the degradation of inkjet print by ultraviolet radiation and ozone effect for different types of papers. Colour test charts for the evaluation of accelerated ageing effect of ultraviolet light and gas fading were designed. These test charts were printed by dye-based inks on selected receiving media and exposed to ozone-enriched environment, UV radiation and their combination. The colorimetric values L* a* b* were calculated from spectral data of all patches of the test charts. The ozone effect on the prints was evaluated in the terms of total colour difference and dye concentration. The degradation of dye caused by ozone was observed also in a long-term period, after the contact of sample with ozone was terminated. Results of printed samples accelerated ageing by UV radiation and those that were influenced by the ozone effect were evaluated in the same way. It was found out that UV radiation and ozone treatment have a different effect on the degradation of dyes. The degradation rate is also strongly influenced by the receiving layer composition of papers used for inkjet printing. Also the catalytic effect of dyes was evaluated.
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Accelerated ageing of ink-jet printouts
Buteková, Silvia ; Reháková,, Milena (referee) ; Veselý, Michal (advisor)
Ink jet printing displaces in consequence its versatility the forefront in the printing applications. The prints must be stable for archiving, even if they are exposed to the environment. Now, the improvement of photo stability of ink jet prints is an important goal. This bachelor thesis deals with the ageing of prints produced by ink jet technology. The attention was paid to the influence of light on durability of prints especially. The experiment was made under natural conditions (ageing owing to sunlight). The changes of printed colours were evaluated after some chosen colorimetric quantities were measured.
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Lightfastness of digital color prints
Kulhánková, Michaela ; Jančovičová, Viera (referee) ; Dzik, Petr (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the current methods of color fastness evaluation of color digital prints were solved. The theoretical part provides basic information needed to understand the experiment. Samples of inkjet prints were subjected to accelerated and long-term lightfastness test. The long-term test took place in the spaces of the Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, which fulfilled the condition of direct light in a closed room. For one year, samples were exposed and their reflection spectra were measured at monthly intervals. An accelerated lightfastness test was performed in a solar chamber with a xenon lamp. Only some samples were selected for this test because of the small space in the chambre and thw failure of the instrument. At regular intervals were measured again their reflection spectra from which the colorimetric values were calculated. After completion of the testing, the rate parameter was determined from the dependence of the loss of the normalized gamut volume on different doses of irradiation. In the case of long-term testing, it was based on data from the Hydrometeorological Institute, which gave values of direct outdoor solar radiation. In the accelerated test, the irradiation dose of the sample up to 800 nm was determined. Finally, the lightfastness of each sample was examined and compared with each other and the relevance of the accelerated test was assessed.
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